High-pressure vessel



1943. J SCHIERENBECK 2,326,176

Filed Feb. 18, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 10, 1943- J. SCHIERENBECK HIGH PRESSURE VESSEL Filed Feb. 18, 19:59 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 II lll. I

Pia-s F/GtI-J tion thereof.

Patented hug. 10. e

PATENToFF-icg y izszam e,

' ironmasons Vassar." i e L-inthealicnl'rercrtv Application am 1a. 1939, SerialNo. 2.57.186

. In'GennanyI'ebr-nary n. ma

' and no application. this construction to high The present invention relates to-improvements in" high-pressurejvessels.

Pressure vessels are usually constructed a thick. compact wall, that is, a wall which consists of a single, compact body or metal which is of such dimensions thatit can withstand the stresses produced by the internal pressure. when very high pressures and, in particular. when vessels of a large diameter are used, dimculties are encountered in making walls or suillci'ent thickness because tedious and expensive machines are required to work the material and give it uniform quality. In such walls,jhowever,

the constructional material is poorly utilized ber cause "the pressure load applied to it is unequally distributed. The outer parts of the wall are thus exposed to comparatively little stress.

the axial load, a jacket of suitable strength being shrunk on to'take up the tangential stresses. This construction has the advantage that the outer jacket can be more 'stronglyloaded and that smaller blocks may be used in the construcfutile, however, by the very great difllculty enpressure vessels has been made either, although these proposals have bene known for more tha halt a century. x

'The reason for the failure of theart to adapt said known proposals lies inthe fact that the shape of the profiles chosen only allows the bands to be interlocked in the axial direction while over one another and their support. The shape -chosen renders the bands much too rigid and,

moreover, the bands cannot be prepared with the Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the we.

, of a vessel constructed-in accordance with an- These advantages are rendered only be made fullyeflective when many layers of smallwall thickness are applied.

Attempts have already been made to make high pressure jackets from single layers of sheet metalwhich are fitted over a thin core tube and welded in longitudinal and round joints. The numerous welded .1oints, however, are' intricate and expensive to prepare and moreover do not ensure with certainty the uniform distribution of the stresses. Furthermore in the construction of such ,vessels undesirable hollow spaces are formed between the single layers which, when using the vessel, hinder the equalization of temperature in the walls. This is especially true when a flow of heat takes place through the walls because, then temperature difierences are set up which may lead to excess thermal stresses.

Attempts have also been. made torendcrhigh pressure flasks more pressure-resistant by winding on wires, butthis expedient proved to be unsucessful and unsuitable io'r high pressure vessels of high. capacity. It has also been proposed to increase-the strength of gun ba'rrels by wound intermediate -layers, profiled bands having been suggested in order to interlock the windings so other embodiment of the invention.

Figs. 3 and 4 are longitudinal sectional views showing means for fastening the lid of the vessel;

Fig.5 is another longitudinal sectional view showing a special type of flange for fastening the lid. a

Referring to'the drawings, the wall of the pressure vessel illustrated in Fig. 1 comprises an inner tube a with two rolled-on steel band layers b and c. The main object aimed at is to bring about a smooth and safe laying-on of the steel band. The bands are interlocked only-to such an extent in the axial direction as is necessary.

.the bands are prevented from fitting smoothly requisite accuracy so that displacements and.

port is providedon its outer-side with two or more grooves and on the inner side with'theu same number of, preferably continuous projeca; tions, accurately corresponding in shape and v position to the grooves; the core tube 'also may into which theprojections on the first-band lit.

The grooves must, of course, be arranged .helically. Conversely the projections may be on the outer side and the grooves on the inner side of the bands, in which case the core tube is provided with helical projections which flt tightly into the grooves of the first band.

Each layer of the steel. hand must be axially staggered with respect to the preceding layer so that the adjoining edges of the lowerlayers of the steel band are covered by subsequent layers. The projections of each layer then lie in 2 the grooves of the previous layer so that the windings of two consecutive layers are interso that it is unnecessary to provide special holes for the escape of gases passing outwardly through the core tube by diffusion.

If it is desired to facilitate this passage of gas,

the core tube a may be smooth and the first steel band b wound directly around which maybe provided on the inner side with bulges or grooves as shown in Fig. 2 or alternately the core tube may be provided with projections or grooves and the first steel band be provided with a smooth inner surface. There is then formed between the core tube and the flrst steel band layer a helical channel which is suitable for the passage or the diffused gas. If no discharge oi gases be contemplated. both the core tube and the inner side of the first band layer may be smooth.

In the manufacture. of the said pressure veil sels, entirely smooth, non-profiled bands may also be used and the necessary prqflle imparted to them by rolling the steel-bands onto the vessel with rollers having an appropriate profile. In this way inaccuracies in the preparation of the profile are entirely excluded.

The winding prepared in this way is distinguished by. especially high strength, so that the core tube may have a wall thickness or only a iew millimeters and yet the strength obtained is superior to that of the conventional type 01' vesseis made with compact walls of the same thickness.

The flanges may be secured to the ends of the jacket by welding. In order to avoid the drawbacks attending through welding between the jacket and the flange, each individual layer of the winding may be welded. screwed or riveted on to one of the steps of the appropriately stepped flange. This modiflcation is, however, difllcul to'carry out. A

I have foundthat the flanges may be joined in the simplest and safest manner with the nection between the single layers, as for example by riveting, in addition to the toothing already provided. It is advantageous to choose the last layer of band stronger so that without undue weakening of this layer the wound packet can be made exactly round at the ends and the grooves can be turned deeper sothat they agree accu- ,rately with the turned out portion of the flanges and are deep enough to distribute the rorces coming into question.

Ighe said high pressure vessels may also be proscrews l aaaaive vided at the ends with covers by securing the latter with studs which are screwed into the ends of the vessel Jacket. It is surprising that (see Figure 3) which engage in a jacket consisting of many bands 2 lying side by side and one on the other, should remain secure even at high pressures and high temperatures. Experiments have shown that the studs do not loosen in the slightest in the female thread in the wound jacket when overstrained, but break outside or it, even when using highly alloyed steels.

For greater safety it is preferable to apply strengthening rings to the ends of the jacket. In the modification shown in Figure 3 such a ring 4 is screwed on and shrunk.

contrasted with the use of flanges which, especially in the case 0! vessels of large diameter, as for example 1000 millimeters, which have to withstand high pressures, as for example 700 .atmospheres, must be very heavy, the modification according to Figure 3 has the advantage that the high pressure vessel is considerably lighter and cheaper I g 1 It is possible, however, to combine, the 'two systems of securing the cover, in that in cases where the use of flanges cannot be dispensed with, especially in the case of thin-walled vessels, studs are screwed intothe front side in such manner that ey project partly into the material .of the flange 4 and partly into the material of the winding 2 (see Figure 4) v In cases in 'which the thickness of the .wall is not suiiicient for the saidmethod oi securing with screwed bolts, and therefore the flanges cannot be dispensed with, the closure. of the high pressure vessel is advantageously effected by winding on to the ends of the wound jacket a flange also'consistihg of steel bands in the manner described and the studs for securing the 'cover into the winding consisting of flange and jacket. This arrangement may be seen in Figure 5; 2 is the jacket of the high pressure vessel,

Ii is the flange wound on in the same way as the jacket and i is a screwed bolt. With this arrangement it is possible to dispense entirely with the expensive compact flanges which are diilicult, to provide. It is preferable to rim the whole flange, or at least its upper and lower ends, by means of a smooth and not too thick shrinkage ring 3. The flange may then be of even thickness throughout (see Figure 5) or tapered in the usual way from the ends of the jacket towards the middle of the jacket.

What I claim is:

l. A high pressure vessel comprising a core tube, steel bands wound thereon in staggered relationship so that each band overlies the joint grooves of the adjoining band whereby said hell-- cal layers are interlocked and impart axial resistance to the vessel without welding the bands. 2. A'high pressure vessel comprising a core tube having a plain exterior surface, a steel band helically wound and shrunk on the exterior surface. of said tube at least two projections running the length of said band on thelsurface of said band opposite to that in contact with the core tube, additional steel bands wound in staggered relationship around said first band, each of said grooves of the same site and shape as said projections on said tube, the band being wound so that said helical projections fit tightly into the grooves of said band at least two projections on the surface of said band opposite to that provided with the grooves, these projections corresponding as to number, size, shape and position with said grooves, additional similar steel bands wound in staggered relationship around said first band the projections on the outer side of each band fitting tightly into the grooves on the inner.

surface of the overlying band, thereby providing a plurality of mutually staggered helical layers, each of which is interlocked with the adjoining element and imparts axial resistance to the vessel without welding the bands.

axial resistance to the vessel without welding the bands, annular flanges arranged near the ends of the vessel, helical grooves on the inner surface of said flanges whereby the flanges may be screwed to the ends of the wound bands and a cover removably attached to each end of said vessel. A

7. A high pressure vessel comprising a core tube having helical projections thereon, a steel band wound on said tube, said band having grooves of the vsame size and shape as said projections on said tube, the band being wound so that said helical projections fit tightly into the 4. A high pressure vessel comprising a core tube having helical grooves on its outer surface, a steel band wound on said tube, said band having projections of the same size and shape as said grooves, the band being so wound that the projections thereon fit tightly into said helical grooves at least two grooves on the surface of said band opposite to that provided with the projections, additional similar steel bands wound in'staggered relationship around said first band. the projections on the inner side of each band fitting tightly into the grooves on the outer side of the underlying band thereby providing a plurality of mutually staggered helical layers, each of which is interlocked with the adjoining element and imparts axial resistance to the vessel without welding the bands.

5. A high pressure vessel comprising a core tube, steel bands wound thereon in staggered relationship so that each band overlies the joint between the winding of the band beneath to form a plurality of helical layers, each band being provided with at least two projections on one surface and the same number of grooves of the same size and shape on the opposite surface, the projections of each band fitting tightly into the grooves of the adjoining band whereby said helical layers are interlocked and impart axial resistance to the vessel without welding the bands, annular flanges arranged near the ends of the vessel, helical grooves on the inner surface of said flanges whereby the flanges may be screwed to the ends of the wound bands and a cover removably attached to each end of said vessel.

6. A high pressure vessel comprising a core tube having a plain exterior surface, a steel band helically wound and shrunk on the exterior surface of said tube at least two projections runnin the length of said band on the surface 'of said band opposite to that in contact with the core tube, additional steel bands wound in staggered relationship around said first band, each of said additional bands having at least two grooves on its inner surface and at least two projections of the same size and shape on its outer surface, the projections of each band fitting tightly into the grooves of the overlying band, whereby the several helical bands are interlocked and impart grooves of said band at least two projections on the surface of said band opposite to that provided with the grooves, these projections corresponding as to number, size, shape and position with said grooves, additional similar steel bands wound in staggered relationship around said first band the projections on the outer side of each band fitting tightly into the grooves of the inner surface of the overlying band, thereby providing a plurality of mutually staggered helical layers, each of which is interlocked with the adjoining element and imparts axial resistance to the vessel without welding the bands, annular flanges arranged near the ends of the vessel, helical grooves on the inner surface of said flanges whereby the flanges may be screwed to the ends of the wound bands and a cover removably attached to each end of said vessel.

8. A high pressure vessel comprising a core tube having helical grooves on its outer surface, a steel band wound on said tube. said band having projections of the same size and shape as said grooves, the band being so wound that the projections thereon fit tightly into said helical grooves, at least two grooves on the surface of said band opposite to that provided with the projections; additional similar steel bands wound in staggered relationship around said first band,

the projections on the inner side of each band fitting tightly into the grooves on the outer side of the underlying band thereby providing a pluvrality of mutually staggered helical layers, each of which is interlocked with the adjoining element and imparts axial resistance to the vessel without welding the bands, annular flanges arranged near the ends of the vessel, helical grooves on the inner surface of said flanges whereby the flanges my be screwed to the ends of the wound bands and a cover removably attached to each end of said vessel.

9. A high pressure vessel, comprising a core tube, steel bands wound thereon in staggered relationship so that each band overlies the joint between the winding of the band beneath to form aplurality of helical layers, each band being provided with at least two projections on one surface and the same number of grooves of the same size and shape on the opposite surface, the

. projections of each band fitting tightly into the 

